Notes

Dr. King: "Judicial decrees may not change the heart, but they can restrain the heartless."
1870s to 1950s no meaningful legislation passed on civil rights
Civil rights Act of 1964: 1. Voting provisions
                                        2. public services could no longer deny access
                                        3. Federal funding could not discriminate
                                        4. employers or labor unions
Civil rights act of 1968: "open housing act"
Title IX: forbids discrimination on the basis of gender
Affirmative action:
 Requires employers to take positive steps to fix the affects of past discrimination
 Employers must meet quotas for minority groups/genders

Many argue this results in reverse discrimination: Discrimination against the majority

"Color Blind"
The Bakke Case: Sued University of California
Justice Sandra Day O'Connor predicts in 25 years the use of racial preferences will no longer be necessary

Sec. 4: Citizenship and Immigration
An American citizen is a person that swears allegiance to the U.S.
Citizenship not important in 1860's
14th Amendment (1868)
Citizenship by birth

Naturalization: Legal process when someone can become a citizen to another country
Congress wrote laws on citizenship
Collective naturalization: when an entire group is granted citizenship through en masse.

Expatriation: abandoning your citizenship
Illegal for Congress to take away citizenship
denaturalization: when someone loses their citizenship
Marriage doesn't make you a citizen, just shortens the naturalization process

Immigration: 270,000 immigrants allowed into the US every year
Immigration act of 1990 allows 675,000 immigrants into the US each year and is similar to the old immigration act.
Some people are denied access to the country
Deportation: legal process by which aliens are required to leave the country
Biggest reason for deportation: Conviction of a serious crime